SQL SELECT COUNT

The SQL COUNT() function is a powerful and widely used feature to retrieve the number of records in a table. It simplifies tasks where manually counting entries would be tedious. Whether you’re working with a database of customers, products, or employees, COUNT() helps fetch accurate results efficiently.

For example, consider you have a table of registered voters in a city and need to count the total voters. Instead of manual counting, you can use SQL’s COUNT() function to achieve this instantly.

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Syntax of SQL COUNT Function

SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name;  

In the syntax above:

• Replace column_name with the name of the column you want to count.
• Replace table_name with the name of your table.

Examples of SQL COUNT Function

Example 1: Counting Non-NULL Values in a Column

Consider a table named Vehicles with the following data:

Vehicle_Name	Vehicle_Type	Price
Tesla Model 3	Electric	45,000
Honda Civic	Sedan	NULL
Ford Mustang	Sports	60,000
Toyota Corolla	Sedan	25,000
Nissan Leaf	Electric	NULL
BMW X5	SUV	80,000

To count the total non-NULL Price values:

SELECT COUNT(Price) AS TotalPrices FROM Vehicles;  

Output:

TotalPrices
4

Here, COUNT(Price) excludes the NULL values, so only four rows are counted.

Example 2: Counting Total Entries in a Table

Using the same Vehicles table, if you want to count all entries, regardless of whether Price is NULL or not:

SELECT COUNT(*) AS TotalVehicles FROM Vehicles;  

Output:

TotalVehicles
6

The COUNT(*) function includes both NULL and non-NULL values.

SQL COUNT with the WHERE Clause

You can combine COUNT() with the WHERE clause to count rows meeting specific criteria.

Example 1: Counting Rows Based on Condition

From the Vehicles table, to count the number of electric vehicles:

SELECT COUNT(Vehicle_Name) AS ElectricVehicles FROM Vehicles WHERE Vehicle_Type = 'Electric';  

Output:

ElectricVehicles
2

Example 2: Counting Based on Another Condition

Consider another table EmployeeRecords:

Emp_ID	Emp_Name	Salary	City
1001	Priya	60,000	Mumbai
1002	Amit	50,000	Delhi
1003	Ravi	70,000	Mumbai
1004	Sneha	40,000	Bangalore
1005	Arjun	60,000	Mumbai

To count employees based in Mumbai:

SELECT COUNT(Emp_Name) AS EmployeesInMumbai FROM EmployeeRecords WHERE City = 'Mumbai';  

Output:

EmployeesInMumbai
3

SQL COUNT with DISTINCT

To count only unique values, use the DISTINCT keyword with COUNT().

Example: Counting Unique Cities

From the EmployeeRecords table, count the unique cities employees belong to:

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT City) AS UniqueCities FROM EmployeeRecords;  

Output:

UniqueCities
3

The three unique cities are Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore.

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Conclusion

The SQL COUNT() function is a robust tool for handling data efficiently, offering the ability to count specific or all entries in a table. Its combination with clauses like WHERE and keywords like DISTINCT further enhances its capabilities.

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