Conflict Serializable Schedule

Conflict Serializable Schedule

In database management systems, ensuring consistency during concurrent transaction execution is critical. One widely used concept to guarantee this is conflict serializability.

If a schedule can be converted into a serial schedule by switching non-conflicting operations, it is said to be conflict serialisable. In other words, the schedule behaves as if the transactions were executed one after another in some order, without losing correctness.

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Conflicting Operations

If all of the following criteria are met, two operations are deemed to be incompatible:

1. They belong to different transactions.
2. They operate on the same data item.
3. At least one of them is a write operation.

If these conditions are met, the order of operations matters. Otherwise, operations can be swapped without affecting the result.

Example:

• Two read operations on the same data item that come from different transactions are interchangeable and do not clash.
• The operations clash if the same item is written in one transaction and read in another.

Conflict Equivalent

It is said that two schedules are conflict comparable if

1. They involve the same set of transactions.
2. For every pair of conflicting operations, the order is preserved in both schedules.

This implies that only non-conflicting operations need to be switched in order to change one timetable into another.

Example of Conflict Serializable Schedule

Consider two transactions T1 and T2:

Schedule S1:

T1: Read(A), Write(A)  
T2: Read(B), Write(B)  

Schedule S2 (Serial):

T1: Read(A), Write(A), Read(B), Write(B)  
T2: -

Here, S1 can be transformed into S2 by rearranging non-conflicting operations. Since the transformation is possible, S1 is conflict serializable.

On the other hand, if operations cannot be swapped without violating conflict conditions, the schedule is not conflict serializable.

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Key Takeaway

Conflict serializability ensures that even in concurrent execution, the outcome remains consistent with some serial order of transactions. It acts as a strong correctness criterion in DBMS and helps avoid problems like lost updates, dirty reads, and inconsistent data.

For more deep-dive articles on DBMS concepts, visit UpdateGadh.

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